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Resources on India and Pakistan

China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia

China's missile trade in South Asia has caused significant concern among observers concerned with preventing missile proliferation. Specifically, alleged Chinese exports of missiles, components, and related technologies to Pakistan have led to confrontations with the United States, which has on two occasions sanctioned China for alleged violations of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). China has also reportedly exported a relatively small number of anti-ship cruise missiles to Bangladesh, but the far more important concern, from a proliferation perspective, is the ballistic missile trade with Pakistan.
 
For more in-depth information on open-source reports of Chinese exports and assistance, please consult the CNS Missile Abstracts database.

CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH ASIA

COUNTRY
AREA OF REPORTED MISSILE ASSISTANCE FROM CHINA
BANGLADESH
  • Cruise missiles:

  • --HY-2
PAKISTAN
  • Ballistic missiles and launchers:

  • --up to 30 M-11/DF-11 missiles (to Pakistan's Sargodha Air Force Base near Lahore) (1992)
    --M-11 transporter-erector-launchers (TELs) (1991)
  • Cruise missiles:

  • --HY-1 
    --HY-2 
    --FL-1 
    --FL-2 
  • Assistance to indigenous Pakistani missile programs:

  • --Hatf-1 ballistic missile
    --Hatf-2 (Similar to M-11?) ballistic missile 
    --Hatf-3 (Similar to M-9?) (Pakistani designation
    for M-11?) ballistic missile
    --Follow-on to Hatf-3 (Hatf-M?) ballistic missile
    --Anza surface-to-air missile (SAM) 
  • Missile fuel:

  • --Ammonium percholate (10 tons--200 boxes) (1996) (seized in transit in Hong Kong):
    --Pakistan's SUPARCO was caught attempting to import the ammonium percholate for rocket fuel from Xi'an in China 
  • Missile guidance:

  • --Gyroscopes 
    --Accelerometers 
    --On-board computers 
  • Missile production factory:

  • --National defense complex in Fatehgarh (Fatehgunj), located in the Tarwanah suburb of Rawalpindi, 40 km west of Islamabad (blueprints and construction equipment) (August 1996) 
  • Missile technology/components:

  • --M-11 components (reason for US sanctions against China in 1991 and 1993)
    --Warhead technology 
  • Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs):

  • --HQ-2
  • Anti-tank missiles:

  • --Shipment of special metals and electronics for use in production

[CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN]

[CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN - STATEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS]

[CHINA AND THE MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME (MTCR)]

[CHINA'S NUCLEAR EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH ASIA]

[CHINA AND THE NUCLEAR TESTS IN SOUTH ASIA]


Last Updated August 1999
Copyright 1999, All Rights Reserved
Center for Nonproliferation Studies
Monterey Institute of International Studies
Monterey, CA 93940 USA (831) 647-6697


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