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Resources on India and Pakistan
China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia
China's missile trade in South Asia has caused significant concern among
observers concerned with preventing missile proliferation. Specifically,
alleged Chinese exports of missiles, components, and related technologies
to Pakistan have led to confrontations with the United States, which has
on two occasions sanctioned China for alleged
violations of the Missile Technology Control Regime
(MTCR). China has also reportedly exported a relatively small number
of anti-ship cruise missiles to Bangladesh, but the far more important
concern, from a proliferation perspective, is the ballistic missile trade
with Pakistan.
For more in-depth information on open-source reports of Chinese
exports and assistance, please consult the CNS Missile Abstracts database.
CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH ASIA
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COUNTRY
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AREA OF REPORTED MISSILE ASSISTANCE FROM CHINA
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| BANGLADESH |
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| PAKISTAN |
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Ballistic missiles and launchers:
--up to 30 M-11/DF-11 missiles (to Pakistan's Sargodha
Air Force Base near Lahore) (1992)
--M-11 transporter-erector-launchers (TELs) (1991)
-
Cruise missiles:
--HY-1
--HY-2
--FL-1
--FL-2
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Assistance to indigenous Pakistani missile programs:
--Hatf-1 ballistic missile
--Hatf-2 (Similar to M-11?) ballistic missile
--Hatf-3 (Similar to M-9?) (Pakistani designation
for M-11?) ballistic missile
--Follow-on to Hatf-3 (Hatf-M?) ballistic missile
--Anza surface-to-air missile (SAM)
-
Missile fuel:
--Ammonium percholate (10 tons--200 boxes) (1996) (seized
in transit in Hong Kong):
--Pakistan's SUPARCO was caught attempting to import
the ammonium percholate for rocket fuel from Xi'an in China
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Missile guidance:
--Gyroscopes
--Accelerometers
--On-board computers
-
Missile production factory:
--National defense complex in Fatehgarh (Fatehgunj),
located in the Tarwanah suburb of Rawalpindi, 40 km west of Islamabad (blueprints
and construction equipment) (August 1996)
-
Missile technology/components:
--M-11 components (reason for US
sanctions against China in 1991 and 1993)
--Warhead technology
-
Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs):
--HQ-2
-
Anti-tank missiles:
--Shipment of special metals and electronics for use
in production
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[CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN]
[CHINA'S MISSILE EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN
- STATEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS]
[CHINA AND THE MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME
(MTCR)]
[CHINA'S NUCLEAR EXPORTS AND ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH
ASIA]
[CHINA AND THE NUCLEAR TESTS IN SOUTH ASIA]
Last Updated August 1999
Copyright 1999, All Rights Reserved
Center for Nonproliferation Studies
Monterey Institute of International Studies
Monterey, CA 93940 USA (831) 647-6697
Return to the Indian and Pakistani Nuclear and Missile Programs page.
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