(Final Document, Para 15) The participants in the Conference consider that disarmament is an imperative need and the most urgent task of mankind. A radical solution of this problem, which has become an urgent necessity in the present state of armaments, in the unanimous view of participating countries, can be achieved only by means of a general, complete and strictly internationally controlled disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 16) The Heads of State or Government point out that general and complete disarmament should include the elimination of armed forces, armaments, foreign bases, manufacture of arms as well as elimination of institutions and installations for military training, except for purposes of internal security; and the total prohibition of the production, possession and utilization of nuclear and thermo-nuclear arms, bacteriological and chemical weapons as well as the elimination of equipment and installations for the delivery and placement and operational use of weapons of mass destruction on national territories. 

(Final Document, Para 18) The participants in the Conference urge the Great Powers to sign without further delay a treaty for general and complete disarmament in order to save mankind from the scourge of war and to release energy and resources now being spent on armaments to be used for the peaceful economic and social development of all mankind. The participating countries also consider that: (a) The non-aligned nations should be represented at all future world conferences on disarmament; (b) All discussions on disarmament should be held under the auspices of the United Nations; (c) General and complete disarmament should be guaranteed by an effective system of inspection and control, the teams of which should include members of non-aligned nations. 

(Final Document, Para 19) The participants in the Conference consider it essential that an agreement on the prohibition of all nuclear and thermonuclear tests should be urgently concluded. With this aim in view, it is necessary that negotiations be immediately resumed, separately or as part of the negotiations on general disarmament. Meanwhile, the moratorium on the testing of all nuclear weapons should be resumed and observed by all countries. 

(Final Document, Para 20) The participants in the Conference recommended that the General Assembly of the United Nations should, at its forthcoming Session, adopt a decision on the convening either of a special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations devoted to discussion of disarmament or the convening of a world disarmament conference under the auspices of the United Nations with a view to setting in motion the process of general disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 1) The Conference emphasizes the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary world, and stresses the necessity of reaching immediate and practical solutions which would free mankind from the danger of war and from a sense of insecurity. 

(Final Document, Para 3) The Conference, regrets that despite the efforts of the members of the 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament, and in particular those of the non-aligned countries, the results have not been satisfactory. It urges the great Powers, in collaboration with the other members of that Committee, to renew their efforts with determination a view to the conclusion of an agreement on general and complete disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 4) The Conference calls upon all States to accede to the Moscow treaty partially banning the testing of nuclear weapons, and to abide by its provisions in the interests of peace and the welfare of humanity. 

(Final Document, Para 9) As part of these efforts, the Heads of State or Government declare their own readiness not to produce, acquire or test any nuclear weapons, and call on all countries including those who have not subscribed to the Moscow Treaty to enter into a similar undertaking and to take the necessary steps to prevent their territories, ports and airfields from being used by nuclear powers for the deployment or disposition of nuclear weapons. This undertaking should be the subject of a treaty to be concluded in an international Conference convened under the auspices of the United Nations and open to accession by all States. The Conference further calls upon all nuclear Powers to observe the spirit of this declaration. 

(Final Document, Para 12) The Conference considers that the declaration by African States regarding the denuclearization of Africa, the aspirations of the Latin American countries to denuclearize their continent and the various proposals pertaining to the denuclearization of areas in Europe and Asia are steps in the right direction because they assist in consolidating international peace and security and lessening international tensions. 

(Final Document, Para 13) The Conference recommends the establishment of denuclearized zones covering these and other areas and the oceans of the world, particularly those which have been hitherto free from nuclear weapons, in accordance with the desires expressed by the States and peoples concerned. 

(Final Document, Para 16) The Conference therefore urges the participating countries to take, at the forthcoming General Assembly of the United Nations, all the necessary steps for the holding of such a conference and of any other special conference for the conclusion of special agreements on certain measures of disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 1) They exchanged views on the significance of non-alignment and the role of non-aligned countries in the present-day world with particular reference to safeguarding and strengthening world peace and security; ensuring national independence and full sovereignty of all nations on a basis of equality, the need to realise the right of all peoples to self-determination; the democratization of international relations; the promotion of rapid economic growth in the developing countries and to considering possibilities for greater consultation and co-operation among the non-aligned countries and to the strengthening of the United Nations. 

(Final Document, Para 2) Two and a half decades ago, the peoples of the United Nations inscribed in the Charter their desire to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war; to reaffirm their belief in fundamental human rights, in the dignity of the human person and in the equal rights of nations, large and small, to establish conditions under which justice and respect for obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained and to promote social justice and progress for all. The intervening period has confirmed the historic merit of these ideals and aspirations but, it has likewise demonstrated that many expectations have not been fulfilled and many problems have not been solved, notwithstanding the efforts of the non-aligned countries. 

(Final Document, Para 3) The policy of non-alignment has emerged from the determination of independent countries to safeguard their national independence and the legitimate rights of their peoples. The growth of non-alignment into a broad international movement cutting across racial, regional and other barriers, is an integral part of significant changes in the structure of the entire international community. It is the result of the world anti-colonial revolution and of the emergence of a large number of newly liberated countries which, opting for an independent political orientation and development, have refused to accept the replacement of centuries-old forms of subordination by new ones. At the root of these changes lies the ever more clearly expressed aspiration of member-nations for freedom, independence and equality, and their determination to resist all forms of oppression and exploitation. This has been the substance and meaning of our strivings and actions; this is a confirmation of the validity of the Belgrade and Cairo Declarations. At a time when the polarisation of the international community on a bloc basis was believed to be a permanent feature of international relations, and the threat of a nuclear conflict between the big powers an ever-present spectre hovering over mankind, the non-aligned countries opened up new prospects for the contemporary world and paved the way for relaxation of international tension. 

(Final Document, Para 4) Our era is at the crossroads of history; with each passing day we are presented with fresh evidence of the exceptional power of the human mind and also of the dangerous paths down which its imperfections may leads us. The epoch-making scientific and technological revolution has opened up unlimited vistas of progress but at the same time, prosperity has not come to everybody, and as a result, a major section of mankind still lives under conditions unworthy of man. Scientific discoveries and their application to technology have the possibility of welding the world into an integral whole, reducing the distance between countries and continents to a measure making international co-operation increasingly indispensable and ever more possible. Yet the states and nations comprising the present international community are still separated by political, economic and racial barriers. These barriers divide countries into developed and the developing, oppressors and the oppressed, the aggressors and the victims of aggression, into those who act from positions of strength, either military or economic, and those who are forced to live in the shadow of permanent danger of covert or overt assaults on their independence and security. In spite of the great achievements and aspirations of our generation, neither peace, nor prosperity, nor the right to independence and equality, have yet become the integral and indivisible attributes of all mankind. Our age, however, raises the greatest hopes and also presents the greatest challenges. 

(Final Document, Para 5) The immediate danger of a conflict between the super powers has lessened because their tendency to negotiate for the improvement of their mutual relations is strengthening. However, it has not yet contributed to the security of the small, medium-sized and developing countries, or prevented the danger of local wars. 

(Final Document, Para 6) The practice of interfering in the internal affairs of other states, and the recourse to political and economic pressure, threats of force and subversion are acquiring alarming proportions and dangerous frequency. Wars of aggression are raging in the Middle East and in Indo-China and are being prolonged in South Vietnam and have been extended to Cambodia. The presence of foreign forces in Korea is posing a threat to national independence and to international peace and security. The continued oppression and subjugation of the African peoples in Southern Africa by the racist and colonial minority regimes, apart from being a blot on the conscience of mankind, poses a serious threat to international peace and security. This situation is becoming dangerously explosive as a result of the collusion between certain developed countries of the West and the racist minority regimes in that part of the world. The continuing arms race is causing alarm and concern; it is rendering the possibility of a nuclear detente extremely precarious and is serving as a spur to limited wars. The balance of terror between the superpowers has not brought peace and security to the rest of the world. There are, however, welcome signs of a growing detente between the power blocs but the abatement of the cold war has not yet resulted in the disintegration of the military blocs formed in the context of great power conflicts. 

(Final Document, Para 7) International relations are entering a phase characterized by increasing interdependence and also by the desire of States to pursue independent policies. The democratization of international relations is therefore an imperative necessity of our times. But there is an unfortunate tendency on the part of some of the big powers to monopolise decision-making on world issues which are of vital concern to all countries. 

(Final Document, Para 8) The forces of racism, apartheid, colonialism and imperialism continue to bedevil world peace. At the same time classical colonialism is trying to perpetuate itself in the garb of neo-colonialism–a less obvious, but in no way less dangerous, means of economic and political domination over the developing countries. These phenomena of the present-day world tend not only to perpetuate the evils of the past but also to undermine the future. They retard the liberation of many countries still under colonial domination and jeopardise the independence and territorial integrity of many countries, especially those of the non-aligned and developing countries, thereby hampering their advancement, intensifying tension and giving rise to conflicts. 

(Final Document, Para 9) The economic gap between the developed and the developing countries is increasingly widening–the rich growing richer and the poor remaining poor. The developing countries are being denied their right to equality and to effective participation in international progress. The technological revolution, which is not the monopoly of the rich, should constitute one of the main opportunities for the progress of developing countries. World solidarity is not only a just appeal but an overriding necessity; it is intolerable today for some to enjoy an untroubled and comfortable existence in exchange for the poverty and misfortune of others. 

(Final Document, Para 10) Concerned by this state of affairs in the world, the participants have agreed to take joint action, and to unite their efforts towards the eradication of these ills. 

(Final Document, Para 11) The participants in the Conference of Non-Aligned reaffirm, and attach special importance to, the following principles; the right of the peoples who are not yet free to freedom, self-determination and independence; respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States; the right of all States to equality and active participation in international affairs; the right of all sovereign nations to determine, in full freedom, the paths of their internal political, economic, social and cultural development; the right of all peoples to the benefit of economic development and the fruits of the scientific and technological revolution; refraining from the threat of use of force, and the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes. 

(Final Document, Para 12) The Conference declares that the following continue to be the aims of non-alignment: the pursuit of world peace and peaceful co-existence by strengthening the role of non-aligned countries within the United Nations so that it will be a more effective instrument against all forms of aggressive action and the threat or use of force against the freedom, independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of any country; the fight against colonialism and racialism which are a negation of human equality and dignity; the settlement of disputes by peaceful means; the ending of the arms race followed by universal disarmament; opposition to great power military alliances and pacts; opposition to the establishment of foreign military bases and foreign troops on the soil of other nations in the context of great power conflicts and colonial and racist suppression; the universality of, and the strengthening of the efficacy of the United Nations; and the struggle for economic independence and mutual co-operation on a basis of equality and mutual benefit. What is needed is not redefinition of non-alignment but a rededication by all non-aligned nations to its central aims and objectives. 

(Final Document, Para 13) The participants in the Conference solemnly declare that they shall consistently adhere to these principles in their mutual relations and in their relations with other States. They have accordingly agreed to take the following measures: (a) to achieve full solidarity and to initiate effective and concrete measures against all forces that jeopardise and violate the independence and territorial integrity of the non-aligned countries; and for this purpose to co-operate with and consult each other as and when necessary; (b) to continue their efforts to bring about the dissolution of great power military alliances in the interest of promoting peace and relaxing international tensions, under circumstances ensuring the security of all states and peoples; to safeguard international peace and security through the development of social, economic, political and military strength of each country; (c) to assert the right of all countries to participate in international relations on an equal footing which is imperative for the democratization of international relations; (d) to offer determined support to the intensification of the work of all international bodies concerned with problems of disarmament, particularly in the preparations for and implementation of the programme of the Disarmament Decade as an integral part of general and complete disarmament; (e) to intensify and unite efforts among the developing countries and between them and the developed countries for the carrying out of urgent structural changes in the world economy and for the establishment of such international co-operation as will reduce the gap between developed and developing countries; (f) to intensify joint efforts for the liquidation of colonialism and racial discrimination; to this end to pledge their utmost possible moral, political and material support to national liberation movements and to ensure the implementation of international decisions, including measures by the Security Council in accordance with the relevant provisions of the United Nations Charter; (g) to continue their efforts toward strengthening the role and efficacy of the United Nations, to promote the achievement of the universality of the United Nations and to realise the urgent need for giving the People’s Republic of China her rightful place in the organization and the admission of other countries. While at the same time examining the modalities of enabling countries outside the United Nations, including those which are divided, to participate in the activities of the Organisation and its Agencies; (h) to strengthen steadily, and to expand the domain of mutual co-operation within international, regional and bilateral frameworks; (i) to ensure the continuity of action by holding periodic consultations of representatives of non-aligned countries at different levels and by convening summit conferences more frequently depending on the prevailing international situation. 

(Final Document, Para 14) The Heads of State or Government and leaders of participating countries resolve that this Declaration as well as statements and resolutions issued by this Conference shall be forwarded to the United Nations and brough to the attention of all the member States of the World Organisation. The present Declaration shall also be forwarded to all other States. 

(Final Document, Para 15) The participants in the Conference appeal to all nations and government, all peace and freedom-loving forces and to all people the world over for co-operation and joint efforts for the implementation of these objectives. At the same time, they declared that they shall support all international actions that are initiated in the interests of the progress of mankind. 

(Final Document, Para 61) It reaffirms the objective set in the Declaration of the Third Summit of non-aligned countries regarding the dismantling of all military bases and the withdrawal of foreign troops from all parts of the world. 

(Final Document, Para 62) It gives its support to countries struggling for the removal of military bases established on their soil under unequal treaties and maintained against the wishes of their peoples. 

(Final Document, Para 63) The Heads of State or Government of the non-aligned countries emphasize that the strengthening of international security forms an integral part of the programme and actions for achieving peace and progress for all peoples and all countries. This aim can be reached only by constructing an international security which would cover all parts of the world and which would be equal for all peoples and all countries. 

(Final Document, Para 70) The participants devoted particular attention to the strengthening of the security and to the defence of the non-aligned countries against all dangers from outside. They expressed their countries’ determination to increase their mutual solidarity and assistance in the case of threats to their independence and territorial integrity. 

(Final Document, Para 77) The Conference recalls the Declaration on the United Nations adopted by the Third Summit Conference of Non-Aligned Countries and reaffirms its devotion to the principles and objectives of the Charter. It considers that the United Nations could be an effective instrument for fostering international peace and security, increasing co-operation and safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms. 

(Final Document, Para 78) The Conference reaffirms that the achievement of universality of membership in the United Nations is an essential ingredient for its effectiveness. In this connexion, it welcomes the restoration of the People’s Republic of China to its rightful place in the Organization, so long advocated by non-aligned countries, and the recommendation of the Security Council on the admission of both German States. 

(Final Document, Para 79) The Conference supports the admission into the United Nations of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh; a full and sovereign member of the family of non-aligned countries. It took note in this connexion that the conclusion of the recent agreement in New Delhi on 28 August 1973 has opened the way for the solution of the outstanding humanitarian problems for the establishment of durable peace in the South Asian continent. 

(Final Document, Para 80) However, current operational conditions in the Organization are not always in line with the new realities of international life and do not fully permit it to perform its mission of peace and development. 

(Final Document, Para 81) Disregard for United Nations decisions and the tendency of great Powers to monopolize the Organization’s activities, to render it inactive or to divert it to their own private interests, contradict the universal nature of the Organization and reduce its standing and prestige. 

(Final Document, Para 82) With a view to ensuring the effectiveness and authority of the United Nations, the non-aligned countries stress the need to improve the Organization. To this end, the Security Council, the organ primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security, should not be prevented from exercising all the responsibilities conferred on it by the Charter. In this connexion, the Heads of State or Government invite all those upon whom the Charter has conferred a special responsibility to show wisdom and moral integrity in the exercise of their functions. 

(Final Document, Para 83) They consider it necessary that adequate, unequivocal decisions and resolutions, anchored in the principles of the charter, should be adopted by the United Nations bodies concerned and the respect for them assured. 

(Final Document, Para 139) The Conference also recommended in the meantime, that Members of the Non-Aligned movement request holding of a Special Session of the General Assembly as early as possible and no later than 1978. The Agenda of the Special Session should include:- a. a review of the problem of disarmament, b. the promotion and elaboration of a programme, of priorities and recommendations in the field of disarmament, c. the question of convening a World Disarmament Conference. 

(Final Document, Para 140) The Conference emphasized the necessity to strengthen international peace and security and ratified their firm decision to reinforce solidarity and mutual assistance among the Non-Aligned Countries in order to confront more effectively threats, pressures, aggressions and other political or economic actions directed against them by imperialism. 

(Final Document, Para 141) In this sense, the Conference recalled that Resolution No. 3 concerning economic security and collective action adopted at the 4th Summit Conference in Algiers remains fully in force; as do the measures indicated in the strategy of the Lima Programme, whose aim is to guarantee full exercise of their sovereignty and independent development processes particularly in the case of aggressions, pressures or coercion. 

(Final Document, Para 217) The Conference reaffirmed the adherence of non-aligned countries to the objective of general and complete disarmament, in particular nuclear disarmament, under effective international control and their determination to act within the United Nations and other bodies to achieve this objective. It drew attention once again to the fact that the Final Document of the tenth special session of the United Nations General Assembly on disarmament, convened at the initiative of the non-aligned countries, represented a solid basis for setting in motion the process of real disarmament, relieving mankind from the horrors of war and eliminating the increasing threats to human survival. 

(Final Document, Para 218) In this context, the Conference called for the urgent implementation, within a specific time frame, of the Programme of Action, particularly of the nuclear disarmament measures, contained in the Final Document of the special session. The Conference called for the immediate cessation of the qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery, a halt in the production of fissionable material for weapons purposes and of all nuclear weapons, and the reduction of nuclear weapons stockpiles leading to their elimination. Pending the elimination of nuclear weapons, the nuclear-weapon States are called upon to renounce the threat or use of nuclear weapons and to cease the testing of nuclear weapons. 

(Final Document, Para 220) The Conference reaffirmed the central role and the increased importance of the United Nations in the realization of the objectives of general and complete disarmament. The Conference noted with satisfaction that non-aligned countries have played an increasingly active role in the machinery created at the tenth special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to disarmament. In this connexion, the Conference attributed a particular importance to the work of the United Nations Disarmament Commission for the preparation of a comprehensive programme on disarmament. It also attached great important to and underlined the responsibility of the Committee on Disarmament, which has been reconstituted at the initiative of non-aligned countries on a more democratic basis, to facilitate the successful conclusion of the negotiations on disarmament. While reviewing the work of the Committee on Disarmament, the Conference expressed its regret over the fact that the trilateral negotiations between the Soviet Union, the United States of America and the United Kingdom have not so far led to a treaty on the comprehensive ban of nuclear weapons testing. The Conference called for the urgent conclusion of such a treaty, along with a treaty on the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of all chemical weapons and their destruction, and of other weapons of mass destruction. The Conference called upon all non-aligned countries to take an active part and contribute to the work of the United Nations Disarmament Commission and the Committee on Disarmament and to co-ordinate their efforts in these bodies. 

(Final Document, Para 221) The Conference affirmed that the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the States of the region concerned constitutes an important disarmament measure. The progress of establishing such zones in different parts of the world should be encouraged with the ultimate objective of achieving a world entirely free of nuclear weapons. In the process of establishing such zones, the characteristics of each region should be taken into account. The States participating in such zones should undertake to comply fully with all the objectives, purposes and principles of the agreements or arrangements establishing the zones, thus ensuring that they are genuinely free from nuclear weapons. With respect to such zones, the nuclear-weapon States in turn are called upon to give undertakings: (a) To respect strictly the status of the nuclear-weapon-free zone and (b) To refrain from the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against the States of the zone. The Heads of State or Government expressed grave concern that certain nuclear-weapon States have deployed or intend to deploy nuclear weapons in various regions of the world. 

(Final Document, Para 223) The Conference welcomed the decision to hold a second special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to disarmament in 1982 and called upon the non-aligned countries to take an active part in the preparation of that session in order to ensure the best results. It supported the proposal to call for a world disarmament conference at the appropriate time with universal participation and adequate preparation. 

(Final Document, Para 226) The Conference also examined and welcomed the proposal, submitted to the United Nations General Assembly at its thirty-third session, that the 1980s be proclaimed the Second Disarmament Decade. It appealed to the members of the Non-Aligned Movement to support this initiative and to spare no efforts in order to ensure the maximum possible success in the implementation of the programme within the framework of the Second Disarmament Decade. 

(Final Document, Para 34) The Heads of State or Government expressed their deep disappointment at the failure of the second special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to disarmament to achieve meaningful results. Efforts to adopt a comprehensive programme on disarmament and other measures for disarmament, particularly nuclear disarmament, failed due to the inflexible positions adopted by some of the major powers. The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed that the principles and priorities contained in the Final Document of the first special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to disarmament retained all their validity and that the objectives and measures containedtherein still represent a goal to be achieved, for which the non-aligned countries would continue to work untiringly. In this context, they welcomed and fully supported the World Disarmament Campaign launched during the second special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to disarmament. They also called for the early elaboration of the comprehensive programme of disarmament so as to ensure its adoption at the thirty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly. 

(Final Document, Para 35) In order to avoid a further deterioration of the situation, the Heads of State or Government called for urgent consideration by the world community of the proposals advanced by the non-aligned countries. 

(Final Document, Para 38) Reviewing the international situation, the Heads of State or Government expressed grave concern over the continuing existence and further aggravation of focal points of aggression and hotbeds of tension in different regions of the world. 

(Final Document, Para 43) In this connection, the Heads of State or Government welcomed the comprehensive and timelyprogramme for nuclear disarmament in a phased, time-bound framework recently put forward by the Soviet Union. The objectives and priorities of this programme, which aimed at the complete elimination of nuclear weapons from the face of the earth by all nuclear-weapon States by the end of this century, were largely in line with the stance which the non-aligned countries have consistently taken on these matters. 

(Final Document, Para 45) While negotiations are under war for such a treaty, there should be a moratorium on all nuclear testing and the production and deployment of nuclear weapons. In this regard, the Heads of State or Government noted the appeal made by the leaders of Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden and the United Republic of Tanzania to the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in October 1985 and reiterated in February, April and August 1986, to put an end to all nuclear testing, as well as their concrete offer of assistance to achieve adequate verification arrangements to monitor such a moratorium. They welcomed the unilateral moratorium on nuclear testing declared by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in August 1985 and extended by it a number of times since then, including the most recent extension until 1 January 1987. They called upon the United States of America as one of the two super Powers which, together, are responsible for the bulk of nuclear-weapon tests, to join the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the moratorium and upon the Soviet Union to continue it. 

(Final Document, Para 48) The Movement noted with satisfaction the initiative taken by the Heads of State or Government of Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden and the United Republic of Tanzania in their joint declarations of 22 May 1984, 28 January 1985 and 7 August 1986, in which they called upon the nuclear-weapon States to halt all testing, production and deployment of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems, to be followed by substantial reductions in their nuclear forces. The six leaders had further urged that this reduction be followed by a continuing programme of reduction of armaments leading to general and complete disarmament and should be accompanied by measures to strengthen the United Nations system and to effect the urgently needed transfer of substantial resources from the arms race to social and economic development. The Delhi Declaration of 28 January 1985 had specified two steps which required special and urgent attention: the prevention of an arms race in outer space and the early conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty. The Mexico Declaration of 7 August 1986 reiterated the need to adopt these measures. In addition, it urged the leaders of the United States of America and the Soviet Union to continue and re-invigorate the dialogue which they started last year, to set a firm date for a new meeting between them, and by an approach of mutual compromise and conciliation to ensure that such dialogue leads to practical results in the field of disarmament. The Heads of State or Government emphasized that these actions were in conformity with the basic approach of the non-aligned countries and showed the relevance of the principles of non-alignment and the positions of non-aligned countries for the international community at large. 

(Final Document, Para 54) In accordance with the criteria cited above, where the regional situation so permits at the initiative of any or all of the States so concerned and with their concurrence, States should consider and adopt measures at the regional level with a view to strengthening peace and security at a lower level of forces through the limitation and reduction of armed forces and conventional weapons. In this regard, the Heads of State or Government noted with satisfaction the unilateral, as well as recent regional and subregional, initiatives taken by some non-aligned countries to limit the acquisition of conventional arms and reduce military expenditures with a view to allocating the resources so released for the socio-economic development of their peoples. 

(Final Document, Para 56) The Heads of State or Government expressed their conviction that the limitation and reduction of the military activities and rivalry of great Powers and blocs beyond their boundaries would significantly contribute to the strengthening of the security of non-aligned and other countries. They therefore called for the military withdrawal and disengagement of the great Powers and their military alliances from positions beyond their frontiers and the elimination of their military bases and facilities from the territories of the non-aligned countries. 

(Final Document, Para 58) The Heads of State or Government noted with satisfaction the present world-wide campaign against the nuclear arms race. They expressed their conviction that such movements can play an influential role in promoting nuclear disarmament and preventing nuclear catastrophe. They emphasized the extreme importance of encouraging and rendering all possible assistance to that process. In this connection, the Heads of State or Government reaffirmed the three objectives of the World Disarmament Campaign, namely, to inform, to educate and to develop public understanding of the support for United Nations objectives in the field of disarmament. They reaffirmed the need to strengthen the role of regional bodies in mobilizing support for this campaign and the realization of its objectives. In this context, the Heads of State or Government welcomed the establishment at Lome, Togo, of the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa. They further welcomed the offer of the Government of Peru to establish in Lima a Regional Centre for Disarmament, Security, Peace and Development with the responsibility of disseminating in Latin America the objectives of the United Nations in the field of disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 60) The Heads of State or Government regretted that it had not been possible to convene an International Conference on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development in Paris in July 1986. They emphasized the importance of the Conference as marking the beginning of an intensive consideration of these problems by the entire international community and expressed the hope that the forty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly would take a decision on the dates and venue of the Conference in accordance with the decision of the resumed fortieth session of the General Assembly to convene it in 1987. They considered the Conference an urgent necessity for the appropriate and timely examination of the adverse consequences of steadily increasing arms expenditure on the global economy. They urged all States to participate in it at a high level and contribute to its success. It was essential that a remedy be found for the existing situation, in which hundreds of billions of dollars are spent annually on weapons while two-thirds of the world’s population lives in poverty and in some cases, misery. They attached particular importance to the Conference coming out with specific recommendations on the ways and means of releasing additional resources through disarmament measures for development purposes, in particular for the benefit of the developing countries. Expressing the conviction that the economic and social consequences of the arms race militate against the creation of the new international economic order, the Heads of State or Government declared that lasting peace could only be assured through a restructuring of the world economy with the objective of establishing the New Order and bridging the economic gap between developing and developed countries. The Heads of State or Government called for a demonstration of greater political will by the developed countries for the attainment of this end. 

(Final Document, Para 1) The Heads of State or Government stressed that since the very first meeting in Belgrade the strengthening of international security through disarmament has remained at the very core of the policy and practice ofNon-Alignment. The Movement has constructively contributed to the process of disarmament by promoting dialogue between the two Great Powers, byattempting to shape a consensus in multilateral disarmament fora and by increasing public awareness of the threat of war, particularly nuclear war. The Heads of State or Government noted with satisfaction that the change in the positions of the Great Powers could be perceived as a response to the longstanding appeals of the Movement. They also expressed their strong expectation that future Great Powers negotiations would also be geared towards the well-being of all countries,in accordance with the principle of sovereign equality and the United Nations Charter. 

(Final Document, Para 5) The Heads of State or Government underlined in particular that general and complete disarmament under effective international control is by its very nature unattainable unless all countries joined in its implementation. They stressed that the use of nuclear weapons could lead to the extinction of human life on earth. Since nuclear war threatens the very right to live, all nations have an equal stake in preventing it. They were of the view that the on-going process of disarmament could be quickened and its coverage widened through the common endeavour of the entire international community. Clearly, the disarmament process cannot be carried out without a contribution by all States and especially by the Great Powers and their military alliances, which have the greatest responsibility in that regard. The Heads of State or Government expressed the firm resolve of their countries to continue to constructively encourage disarmament. They stressed that the strengthening of international security through disarmament and restraints of the qualitative and quantitative escalation of arms race, remains one of the most significant objectives and motives of the Movement’s constant commitment. Proceeding from the view that disarmament is a component of detente and security, including the national security of Non-Aligned Countries as a group and each of them individually, they stressed that the policy and practice of non-alignment stands for disarmament as the most tangible form of negation of military might and the use of force in international relations. 

(Final Document, Para 6) The Heads of State or Government were convinced that their countries must participate actively in any process designed to achieve general and complete disarmament. As a means of avoiding wasteful expenditures on armaments and contributing to peace and security, they undertook to contribute to disarmament and to halting and reversing the arms race. 

(Final Document, Para 18) They drew attention to the fact that attacks on the independence and integrity of countries are most frequently carried out with conventional weapons. The sophistication of these kinds of weapons by the most powerful countries is acquiring alarming proportions. They stressed that conventional disarmament is an important component of general and complete disarmament, and that the Great Powers and their respective alliances have special responsibilities in that regard as well. The Non-Aligned Countries also expressed their readiness to fully contribute to the initiation and realization of the process of conventional disarmament on the global, regional and subregional levels. In this connection, they pointed out that the cessation of all acts of aggression against Non-Aligned Countries, the strict observance of the principles of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of States, non-use or threat of use of force in international relations, peaceful settlement of disputes, self-determination, self-defence, and the removal of all economic and political pressures against Non-Aligned Countries will make it possible for all of them to contribute effectively to the process of disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 24) They recalled that on a number of occasions the Movement has called on the Great Powers to undertake military disengagement from the territories of other countries, to renounce from undertaking military maneouvres in the vicinity of Non-Aligned Countries, and dismantle military bases on foreign territories. The Heads of State or Government stressed the importance of the negotiations on conventional disarmament and on confidence- and security-building measures in Europe which in view of their political as well as military implications should have a positive impact, particularly on the adjoining regions and on internationalrelations as a whole. They expressed the hope that this would result in the dismantling of the two major military alliances. 

(Final Document, Para 25) The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed the positions and declarations adopted by successive Summit Conference and Ministerial Meetings of the Movement which supported the transformation of the Mediterranean region in a region of peace, security and cooperation, free from conflict and confrontation. They noted with satisfaction the growing awareness of the need for joint efforts as manifested by the unanimous adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of Resolution 43/84 and by the constructive contribution of the Neutral and Non-Aligned Countries of Europe in the CSCE framework. They strongly reaffirmed that the security of the Mediterranean is closely linked with security in Europe and with international peace and security. In this context, they welcomed the readiness among European Mediterranean States for dialogue and cooperation with the Non-Aligned Mediterranean countries and hoped that the CSCE Meeting on the Mediterranean in Palma de Mallorca in 1990 will contribute to the strengthening of confidence and security in the Mediterranean region. They welcomed the decision to hold the next Ministerial Meeting of the Mediterranean Members of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries in Algiers in early 1990. 

(Final Document, Para 26) The Heads of State or Government wished to stress that the world has a rare opportunity to expand and strengthen the positive aspects of present-day international relations. They felt that the prospects for disarmament need to be widened in scope andprovide for all the members of the United Nations toparticipate in and accelerate the initiated process.They stressed in particular that the world of today necessitates realistic and constructive universal action. They declared that the time has come for the arms race to be replaced by competition in furthering commonobjectives which carry the promise of a safer future for all. 

(Final Document, Para 40) The new international order to sustain a world free from all nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction should be based inter alia on the principles of peaceful coexistence, the prohibition of the use or the threat or use of force, non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and the right of every State to pursue its own path of development. These principles which have guided NAM since its inception, have become even more relevant today when we are searching for the establishment of a just, democratic, equitable and non-violent world order. 

(Final Document, Para 47) They called upon all States to give priority to negotiations on the other items on the agenda of the Conference on Disarmament, such as a Nuclear Test Ban, cessation of the nuclear arms race and nuclear disarmament, prevention of nuclear war, security assurances for all non-nuclear weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, and measures for the prevention of an arms race in outer space. They emphasized the need to reinvigorate multilateral disarmament endeavoursand in this context called for the enlargement and broader participation of NAM countries in the Conference on Disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 48) The Heads of State or Government, while noting that China and France had acceded to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) expressed concern over the failure of some Depository States to demonstrate a genuine commitment with regard to complete nuclear disarmament within a time bound framework under Article VI of the NPT, and credible security assurances and adequate technical assistance to all non-nuclear weapon states. Recognizing that States Parties will hold a Conference in 1995 to review the Treaty and to determine the period of its extension, they called for a fresh appraisal of the implementation of the commitments undertaken by nuclear-weapon states. They resolved that a member of the Non-Aligned Movement should be presented as a candidate, after consultation, for the Chairmanship of the Conference in 1995. In this context they urged the nuclear-weapon states to support the ongoing efforts of the Amendment Conference on the Partial Test Ban Treaty, with a view to the conclusion of an agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against all non-nuclear weapons states, and the establishment of nuclear weapons-free zones taking into account the characteristics of the region and on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the states of the region concerned; and to ensure the availability of nuclear materials, equipment and technology for peaceful purposes on a non-discriminatory, predictable and long-term basis. 

(Final Document, Para 98) The Heads of State or Government signatories to the Treaty took note of the work carried out by the Preparatory Committee of the Organization of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and expressed their concern at the lack of progress in its negotiations on various issues. These included the delay by major possessors of chemical weapons stockpiles to move towards ratification and on Article 11 of the Convention relating to economic and technical cooperation in the chemical sector. These would entail negative implications for the future of the Chemical Weapons Convention, inter alia, onits effective implementation, universal adherence and timelycoming into force. They therefore reiterated the need for active participation and a more coordinated position of Non-Aligned Countries signatory to the Chemical Weapons Convention in the meetings of the OPCW as well as in the course ofthe United Nations General Assembly sessions. Likewise, they called on the developed countries to promote international cooperation through the transfer of technology, materialand equipment for peaceful purposes in the chemical fields and removal of all existing multilateral as well as national discriminatory restrictions that are contrary to the letter and spirit of the convention. 

(Final Document, Para 107) They welcomed the establishment by the Non-Aligned Movement Coordinating Bureau in New York of a Working Group on Disarmament with the task of coordinating a common position on all issues related to disarmament, so as to enable the Movement to formulate a unified stance in pursuing general and complete disarmament under effective international control. 

(Final Document, Para 110) The Heads of State or Government called for the expansion of the membership of the Conference on Disarmament at the earliest possible date and welcomed the recent statement of the Moroccan Chairman of the Conference on Disarmament on this issue. 

(Final Document, Para 113) The Heads of State or Government reiterated that with the end of the Cold War, there is no justification for the maintenance of nuclear arsenals, or concepts of international security based on promoting and developing military alliances and policies of nuclear deterrence. They noted and welcomed the various international initiatives, which stress that with the end of the Cold War the opportunity now exists for the international community to pursue nuclear disarmament as a matter of the highest priority. They also noted that the present situation whereby Nuclear Weapon States insist that nuclear weapons provide unique security benefits, and yet monopolise the right to own them, is highly discriminatory, unstable and cannot be sustained. These weapons continued to represent a threat to the survival of the mankind. The Heads of State or Government recalled their principled positions on nuclear disarmament and the related issues of nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear tests. They expressed their concern at the slow pace of progress towards nuclear disarmament, which constitutes their primary disarmament objective. They noted the complexities arising from nuclear tests in South Asia, which underlined the need to work even harder to achieve their disarmament objectives, including elimination of nuclear weapons. They considered positively the commitment by the parties concerned in the region to exercise restraint, which contributes to regional security, to discontinue nuclear tests and not to transfer nuclear weapons-related material, equipment and technology. They further stressed the significance of universal adherence to the CTBT, including by all Nuclear Weapon States, and commencement of negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament on fissile materials (decision CD/1547), which, inter-alia, should accelerate the process of nuclear disarmament. They also stressed their positions against unilateral, coercive or discriminatory measures which have been applied against Non-Aligned countries. They reiterated the need for bilateral dialogue to secure peaceful solutions on all outstanding issues and the promotion of confidence and security building measures and mutual trust. They recalled that the Cartagena Summit had called for the adoption of an action plan for the elimination of nuclear weapons within a time-bound framework. They once again called upon the international community to join them in negotiating and implementing universal, non-discriminatory disarmament measures and mutually agreed confidence-building measures. They called for an international conference, preferably in 1999, with the objective of arriving at an agreement, before the end of this millennium on a phased programme for the complete elimination of nuclear weapons with a specified framework of time to eliminate all nuclear weapons, to prohibit their development, production, acquisition, testing, stockpiling, transfer, use and threat of use, and to provide for their destruction. 

(Final Document, Para 114) The Heads of State or Government reiterated their call on the Conference on Disarmament to establish, as the highest priority, an ad hoc committee to start in 1998 negotiations on a phased programme for the complete elimination of nuclear weapons with a specified framework of time, including a Nuclear Weapons Convention. The Conference on Disarmament shall take into consideration all relevant views and proposals, regarding this issue that have been submitted to it. They also insisted on the need to conclude a universal and legally binding multilateral agreement committing all States to the complete elimination of nuclear weapons. In this context they regretted that some Nuclear Weapons States had adopted inflexible postures which prevented the Conference on Disarmament from commencing these negotiations. They underscored the flexibility, which on the other hand has been demonstrated by the members of the Non-Aligned Movement, members of the Conference on Disarmament, in accepting the proposal to establish an ad hoc committee under item 1 of the Conference on Disarmament’s agenda to negotiate a convention on the prohibition of the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. They emphasised that this flexibility should be reciprocated by others through their agreement on the establishment of an ad hoc committee on nuclear disarmament as well as during the course of the negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament on fissile materials (Decision CD/1547). 

(Final Document, Para 115) In this connection, the Heads of State or Government reiterated that a number of Non-Aligned Movement countries had taken collective initiatives at the United Nations General Assembly sessions to underscore the need for urgent action in the field of nuclear disarmament, as mandated by the Cartagena Summit. They recognisedall of the constructive and useful proposals put forward by members of the Non-Aligned Movement in the Conference on Disarmament on the establishment of an Ad Hoc Committee on nuclear disarmament including the useful work done by Non-Aligned Movement members of the Conference on Disarmament and developing a Programme of Action for the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons within a time-bound framework. The Heads of State or Government took note of the Declaration issued on 9 June 1998 entitled - “Towards a World Free of Nuclear Weapons: Time for a New Agenda”, supported and responded to by a number of States including by some members of the Non-Aligned Movement. They recognised that this Declaration, as well as all other initiatives which have consistently been proposed by the Movement and its members are contributions to the goal of the complete elimination of nuclear weapons and called upon the Nuclear Weapon States to react positively to these initiatives. 

(Final Document, Para 145) The Heads of State or Government expressed once again their support for the convening of the Fourth Special Session on the United Nations General Assembly devoted to Disarmament. They welcomed the adoption by the General Assembly, by consensus, of the resolution on the Convening of the IV Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament. They took note of the deliberations on the matter held by the United Nations Disarmament Commission and directed the Co-ordinating Bureau to entrust the Non-Aligned Movement Working Group on Disarmament with the task of pursuing further the holding of the Fourth Special Session and the related co-ordination during the preparatory process. In this context, they reaffirmed the need to continue to press for further steps leading to its convening with the participation of all Member States of the United Nations as well as the need for SSOD IV to review and assess the implementation of SSOD I. 

(Final Document, Para 147) The Heads of State or Government expressed their satisfaction with the work of the Non-Aligned Working Group on Disarmament under the co-ordination of Indonesia and encouraged delegations to continue their active work in this regard. 

(Final Document, Para 67) The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed and reiterated the long-standing principled positions of the Movement on disarmament and international security, including the decisions taken at the XII Summit in Durban and the XIII Ministerial Conference in Cartagena. 

(Final Document, Para 92) The Heads of State or Government remained deeply concerned over the illicit transfer, manufacture and circulation of small arms and light weapons and their excessive accumulation and uncontrolled spread in many regions of the world. They welcomed the adoption by consensus of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects at the United Nations Conference held from 9 - 20 July 2001 in New York which outlines a realistic, achievable and comprehensive approach, to address the problems associated with the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons on the national, regional and global levels. They remained deeply concerned over the inability of the Conference to agree, due to the position of one State, on language recognising the need to establish and maintain controls over private ownership of small arms, and the need for preventing sales of such arms to non-State groups. They considered that these issues are directly related to the problems associated with the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons faced by many Members of the Movement. They reiterated their call on all States to ensure that the supply of small arms and light weapons is limited only to Governments or to entities duly authorised by Governments and to implement legal restrictions on the unrestricted trade in and ownership of small arms and light weapons. They emphasized the importance of early and full implementation of the Programme of Action. They welcomed the decision to convene the First United Nations Biennial Meeting of States on the Implementation of the Programme of Action of the United Nations Conference to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in all its Aspects in New York on 7 – 11 July 2003 to consider national, regional and global implementation of the Programme of Action. In this regard, they encouraged the Member States to continue to play an active role in defining and elaborating the objectives of all future Conferences. They encouraged all initiatives to mobilize resources and expertise to promote implementation of the Programme of Action and to provide assistance to States in their implementation of the Programme of Action. They also welcomed the decision of convening the Review Conference in 2006 and stressed the need for a representative of the Movement to preside over the Conference. 

(Final Document, Para 101) The Heads of State or Government commended the co-ordination carried out by the NAM Working Group on Disarmament and encouraged delegations to continue their active work on issues of common concern to the Movement, particularly towards ensuring respect for the principles of multilateralism and transparency in the areas of disarmament and non-proliferation. 

(Final Document, Para 70) The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed and reiterated the long-standing principled positions of the Movement on disarmament and international security, including the decisions taken at the XII Summit in Durban in 1998, the XIII Summit in Kuala Lumpur in 2003, the XIII Ministerial Conference in Cartagena in 2000, the XIV Ministerial Conference in Durban in 2004 and the Ministerial Meeting held in Putrajaya, Malaysia, in May 2006. 

(Final Document, Para 110) The Heads of State or Government emphasized the importance of early and full implementation of the Programme of Action, and in this regard, stressed that international assistance and cooperation is an essential aspect in the full implementation of the Programme of Action. They expressed disappointment at the inability of the UN Conference to Review the Progress made in the Implementation of the Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects, held in New York, from 26 June to 7 July 2006, to agree on a final document. They reaffirmed the total validity of the Programme of Action and encouraged the NAM delegations to coordinate efforts in the UN with a view to reaching agreement on a follow-up to the Programme of Action in order to ensure its full implementation. They called for the full implementation of the international instrument to enable States to identify and trace in a timely and reliable manner the illicit small arms and light weapons, which was adopted by the General Assembly. 

(Final Document, Para 116) The Heads of State or Government commended the continued work of the NAM Working Group on Disarmament, under the chairmanship of Indonesia, in coordinating issues of common concern to the Movement in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation. They encouraged all NAM delegations to actively participate at the international disarmament meetings with a view to promote and achieve the objectives of the Movement. 

(Final Document, Para 117) Consistent with and guided by the aforementioned principled positions and affirming the need to promote, defend and preserve these positions, the Heads of State or Government agreed to:  

117.1. Continue to pursue the positions and priorities of the Movement, as appropriate, in the relevant international fora;  

117.2. Task the NAM Coordinating Bureau to undertake efforts, as appropriate, with a view to achieving the objectives of the Movement at disarmament and international security meetings. 

(Final Document, Para 102) The Heads of State and Government reaffirmed and reiterated the long-standing principled positions of the Movement on disarmament and international security, including the decisions taken at the XII Summit in Durban in 1998, the XIII Summit in Kuala Lumpur in 2003, the XIV Summit in Havana in 2006, the XIII Ministerial Conference in Cartagena in 2000, the XIV Ministerial Conference in Durban in 2004, the Ministerial Meeting held in Putrajaya, Malaysia, in 2006, and the XV Ministerial Conference held in Teheran, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2008. 

(Final Document, Para 111) The Heads of State and Government reaffirmed the importance and the relevance of the UN Disarmament Commission (UNDC) as the sole specialised, deliberative body within the UN multilateral disarmament machinery. They continued to fully support the work of the UNDC and expressed regret that UNDC was unable to reach agreement on recommendations on its two agenda items during substantive sessions of its three-year cycle ending in April 2008 due to the lack of political will and inflexible positions of certain Nuclear Weapons States, despite NAM’s constructive role and concrete proposals throughout the deliberations, especially in the Working Group on “Recommendations for achieving the objective of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons”. The Heads of State and Government, while recalling the proposals submitted by the Movement, during the 2009 substantive session, called upon UN Member States to display the necessary political will and flexibility in order to achieve agreement on its recommendations in the UNDC’s future sessions. 

(Final Document, Para 113) The Heads of State and Government, reaffirming the importance of the Conference on Disarmament (CD), as the sole multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, noted the adoption of the Program of Work for the 2009 session (CD/1864) by the CD on 29 May 2009 after years of stalemate. They expressed their appreciation to the Members and Presidents of the Conference, in particular Algeria, for their tireless efforts in this regard. The Heads of State and Government agreed to continue coordination of efforts at the NAM Chapter in Geneva. 

(Final Document, Para 153) The Heads of State and Government emphasized the importance of a prompt and full implementation of the Programme of Action, and in this regard, stressed that international assistance and cooperation is an essential aspect in the full implementation of the Programme of Action. They expressed disappointment at the inability of the UN Conference to Review the Progress made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All its Aspects, held in New York, from 26 June to 7 July 2006, to agree on a final Document. The Heads of State and Government noted the third Biennial Meeting of the States (BMS) held in New York, from 14 to 18 July 2008, which considered the national, regional and global implementation of the Programme of Action. They reaffirmed the total validity of the Programme of Action and encouraged the NAM delegations to coordinate efforts in the UN with a view to reaching agreement on a follow-up to the Programme of Action in order to ensure its full implementation. They called for the full implementation of the international instrument to enable States to identify and trace in a timely and reliable manner the illicit small arms and light weapons, which was adopted by the General Assembly. 

(Final Document, Para 162) The Heads of State and Government commended the continued work of the NAM Working Group on Disarmament, under the chairmanship of Indonesia, in coordinating issues of common concern to the Movement in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation. They encouraged all NAM delegations to actively participate at the international disarmament meetings with a view to promote and achieve the objectives of the Movement. 

(Final Document, Para 163) Consistent with and guided by the aforementioned principled positions and affirming the need to promote, defend and preserve these positions, the Heads of State and Government agreed to:  

163.1 Continue to pursue the positions and priorities of the Movement, as appropriate, in the relevant international fora; and  

163.2 Task the NAM Coordinating Bureau to undertake efforts, as appropriate, with a view to achieving the objectives of the Movement at disarmament and international security meetings. 

(Final Document, Para 132) The Ministers reaffirmed and reiterated the long-standing principled positions of the Movement on disarmament and international security, including the decisions taken at the XII Summit in Durban in 1998, the XIII Summit in Kuala Lumpur in 2003, the XIV Summit in Havana in 2006, the XIII Ministerial Conference in Cartagena in 2000, the XIV Ministerial Conference in Durban in 2004, the Ministerial Meeting held in Putrajaya, Malaysia, in 2006, the XV Ministerial Conference held in Teheran, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2008 and the XV Summit in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, in July 2009. 

(Final Document, Para 141) The Ministers reaffirmed the importance and the relevance of the UN Disarmament Commission (UNDC) as the sole specialised, deliberative body within the UN multilateral disarmament machinery. They continued to fully support the work of the UNDC and expressed regret that UNDC was unable to reach agreement on recommendations on its two agenda items during substantive sessions of its three-year cycle ending in April 2008 due to the lack of political will and inflexible positions of certain Nuclear Weapons States, despite NAM’s constructive role and concrete proposals throughout the deliberations, especially in the Working Group on “Recommendations for achieving the objective of nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation of nuclear weapons”. The Ministers, while recalling the proposals submitted by the Movement, during the 2009 and 2010 substantive sessions, called upon UN Member States to display the necessary political will and flexibility in order to achieve agreement on its recommendations in the UNDC’s 2011 sessions. 

(Final Document, Para 143) The Ministers, noted the adoption of the Program of Work for the 2009 session (CD/1864) by the CD on 29 May 2009 which was not implemented. They expressed their appreciation to the Members and Presidents of the Conference, in particular Algeria, for their tireless efforts in this regard and called on the Conference on Disarmament to agree by consensus on a balanced and comprehensive programme of work without further delay. The Ministers agreed to continue coordination of efforts at the NAM Chapter in Geneva. 

(Final Document, Para 145) The Ministers welcomed efforts of NAM Member States in advancing the goal of nuclear disarmament. In this regard, they noted the convening by the Islamic Republic of Iran of an International Conference on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, in Tehran, on 17-18 April 2010, under the theme: "Nuclear Energy for everyone, Nuclear Weapon for no one." 

(Final Document, Para 146) The Ministers reiterated their support for the convening of the Fourth Special Session of the UN General Assembly devoted to Disarmament (SSOD-IV) and expressed their deep concern, over the fact that the SSOD IV is yet to be convened, despite efforts for many years in this regard. In this context, Theywelcomed the overwhelming support received by Non-Aligned Movement’s UNGA resolution 65/66 entitled “Convening of the fourth special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament” They urged the UN Secretary-General to make available all necessary technical, financial and human resources to implement the resolution. They stressed the importance of active participation in the open-ended working group established by the resolution to consider and reach consensus on the objectives and agenda, including the possible establishment of the preparatory committee for SSOD-IV. 

(Final Document, Para 165) The Ministers of the States Parties to the NPT commended the Chairmanship of H.E. Libran N. Cabactulan of the Philippines, of the 2010 NPT Review Conference and the active engagement of NAM States Parties to the Treaty in its deliberations. They highlighted the importance of implementing the action plans adopted by the conference on nuclear disarmament, on nuclear non-proliferation, on peaceful uses of nuclear energy and on the implementation of the 1995 resolution on the Middle East. The Ministers noted with concern the lack of agreement on a number of key priorities of NAM States Parties to the NPT, including inter alia, to begin negotiations on a Nuclear-Weapons-Convention and to commence negotiations on a legally binding instrument on unconditional Negative Security Assurances to Non-Nuclear-Weapon States. The Ministers of these States Parties to the NPT agreed to continue their collective efforts in pursuing the realization of the aforementioned NAM priorities in the next review process. 

(Final Document, Para 192) The Ministers emphasized the importance of a prompt and full implementation of the Programme of Action, and in this regard, stressed that international assistance and cooperation is an essential aspect in the full implementation of the Programme of Action. They expressed disappointment at the inability of the UN Conference to Review the Progress made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All its Aspects, held in New York, from 26 June to 7 July 2006, to agree on a final Document.The Ministers noted the fourth Biennial Meeting of States held in New York, from 14 to 18 June 2010 which considered the national, regional and global implementation of the Programme of Action. They encouraged all States to consider, as appropriate, the recommendations of the Final Document of the aforementioned Meeting, while emphasizing that the procedure followed to adopt the BMS 4 final outcome should not represent a precedent for the future. They reaffirmed the total validity of the Programme of Action and encouraged the NAM delegations to coordinate efforts in the UN with a view to reaching agreement on a follow-up to the Programme of Action in order to ensure its full implementation. They called for the full implementation of the international instrument to enable States to identify and trace in a timely and reliable manner the illicit small arms and light weapons, which was adopted by the General Assembly. 

(Final Document, Para 202) The Ministers commended the ongoing work of the NAM Working Group on disarmament, under the chairmanship of Indonesia, in coordinating issues of common concern to the Movement in the field of disarmament. They encouraged NAM delegations to continue to actively participate in the Working Group with a view to promote and achieve the objectives of the Movement. 

(Final Document, Para 203) Consistent with and guided by the aforementioned principled positions and affirming the need to promote, defend and preserve these positions, the Ministers agreed to:  

203.1 Continue to pursue the positions and priorities of the Movement, as appropriate, in the relevant international fora; and  

203.2Task the NAM Coordinating Bureau to undertake efforts, as appropriate, with a view to achieving the objectives of the Movement at disarmament and international security meetings. 

(Final Document, Para 163) The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed and reiterated the long-standing principled positions of the Movement on disarmament and international security, including the decisions taken at the XII Summit in Durban in 1998 the XIII Summit in Kuala Lumpur in 2003, the XIV Summit in Havana in 2006, the XV Summit in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, in July 2009, the XVI Summit in Tehran in 2012, the XIII Ministerial Conference in Cartagena in 2000, the XIV Ministerial Conference in Durban in 2004, the Ministerial Meeting held in Putrajaya, Malaysia, in 2006, the XV Ministerial Conference held in Teheran, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2008, and the XVI Ministerial Conference and Commemorative Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement held in Bali, Indonesia, in May 2011, and the XVII Ministerial Conference held in Algiers, Algeria in 2014. 

(Final Document, Para 170) The Heads of State or Government acknowledged the significant contribution towards realizing the objective of nuclear disarmament made by NAM Member and Observer States, including through the voluntary renunciation of the possession of nuclear weapons by Belarus, Kazakhstan, South Africa and Ukraine. 

(Final Document, Para 175) The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed the importance and the relevance of the UN Disarmament Commission (UNDC) as the sole specialized, deliberative body within the UN multilateral disarmament machinery and reiterated their full support for its work. They expressed regret that UNDC was unable to reach agreement on any recommendation since 2000 due to the lack of political will and inflexible positions of some Nuclear-Weapons States, despite NAM’s constructive role and concrete proposals throughout the deliberations, especially in the Working Group on “Recommendations for achieving the objective of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons”.They called upon UN Member States to display the necessary political will and flexibility in order to enable the Commission to agree on substantive outcomes in its current cycle. 

(Final Document, Para 177) The Heads of State or Government expressed their appreciation for the efforts undertaken, in particular by those representatives of Member States of the Non-Aligned Movement who served as the Presidents of the CD for the commencement of its substantive work, including negotiations. They noted the various proposals on the program of Work of the CD as contained in the documents CD/1864, a decision adopted by CD on 29 May 2009 but not implemented, CD/1933/Rev.1, CD/1952, and CD/1955 which were presented successively by Algeria, Egypt, Iran and Iraq between 2009 to 2013 sessions. They called on the CD to agree by consensus on a balanced and comprehensive programme of work without any further delay taking into account the security interests of all States.In this regard, the Heads of State or Government reaffirmed the importance of the principle contained in the final document of the SSOD-I that “The adoption of disarmament measures should take place in such an equitable and balanced manner as to ensure the right of each State to security and to ensure that no individual State or group of States may obtain advantages over others at any stage”. They agreed to continue coordination of efforts at the NAM Chapter in Geneva. 

(Final Document, Para 178) The Heads of State or Government commended the efforts of NAM Member States in advancing the goal of nuclear disarmament. In this regard, they welcomed the convening, at the initiative of NAM, of the first-ever high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament on 26 September 2013, and underlined the strong support expressed at that meeting for taking urgent and effective measures to achieve the total elimination of nuclear weapons. 

(Final Document, Para 179) The Heads of State or Government, while recalling General Assembly resolution 68/32, expressed satisfaction at the adoption of resolutions 69/58 and 70/34 on the “follow-up to the 2013 high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament” proposed by NAM, through which the Assembly:  

179.a Calls for the urgent commencement of negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament for the early conclusion of a comprehensive convention on nuclear weapons to prohibit their possession, development, production, acquisition, testing, stockpiling, transfer, use or threat of use and to provide for their destruction;  

179.b Recalls its decision to convene no later than 2018, a United Nations high-level international conference on nuclear disarmament to review the progress made in this regard; and  

179.c Welcomes the commemoration and promotion of the 26 September as the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons devoted to furthering this objective. 

(Final Document, Para 181) Moreover, the Heads of State or Government underlined the importance of UNGA resolutions 68/32, 69/58 and 70/34 as a roadmap on nuclear disarmament and accordingly stressed the need for an active participation of NAM Member States in all activities related to their implementation, including enhancing public awareness and education on this issue. They commended all efforts aiming at promoting the implementation of these resolutions, including those undertaken by the Group of 21 in the Conference on Disarmament. 

(Final Document, Para 186) The Heads of State or Government stressed the significance of achieving universal adherence to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, including by all NWS, which, inter alia, should contribute to the process of nuclear disarmament. They reiterated that if the objectives of the Treaty were to be fully realized, the continued commitment of all States signatories, especially the NWS, to nuclear disarmament would be essential. In this context, the ratification of the CTBT by Angola, Brunei Darussalam, Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Congo and Niue was welcomed. In this regard, they also welcomed the adoption of a “Special Declaration on the 20 Years of the opening for signature of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty” during the Summit of Heads of State and Government of CELAC, held in Quito, Ecuador, the 27th January 2016. 

(Final Document, Para 190) The Heads of State or Government, while reaffirming the Declaration on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) of the 17th Ministerial Conference of NAM held in Algeria in May 2014, and noting that considerable progress has been made in developing and applying the latest ICTs, they expressed concern that these technologies and means can potentially be used for purposes that are inconsistent with the objectives of maintaining international stability and security and may adversely affect the integrity of the infrastructure of States to the detriment of their security in both civil and military fields. They also noted with concern cases of illegal use of new ICTs to the detriment of Members States of the Movement, and expressed strong rejection to those violations. In this regard and while taking into account the ongoing efforts within the United Nations, they called upon Member States to further promote at multilateral levels the consideration of existing and potential threats from the malicious use of ICTs, as well as possible strategies to address these threats.They emphasized that ICT s should be utilized by Member States in a manner consistent with international law and the UN Charter. They called for the intensification of efforts towards safeguarding cyberspace from becoming an arena of conflict, and ensuring instead the exclusive peaceful uses which would enable the full realization of the potential of ICTs for contributing to social and economic development. They stressed that the development of any international legal framework to address issues related to the use of ICTs with implications on international peace and security should be pursued within the UN with the active and equal participation of all States. They highlighted the central role of governments in areas related to public policy aspects of ICT security. 

(Final Document, Para 204) The Heads of State or Government of NAM States Parties to the NPT reiterated the importance of the full implementation of the action plans adopted by the 2010 NPT Review Conference on nuclear disarmament, on nuclear non-proliferation, on peaceful uses of nuclear energy and on the implementation of the 1995 resolution on the Middle East. They expressed concern at the lack of agreement on a number of key priorities of NAM States Parties to the NPT and agreed to continue their collective efforts in pursuing the realization of their priorities at the NPT Review Conferences. 

(Final Document, Para 241) The Heads of State or Government noted the adoption, by vote, of the Arms Trade Treaty by the UN General Assembly on 2nd April 2013 and its entry into force on 24 December 2014. They also noted that the Treaty aims at regulating trade in conventional weapons, including small arms and light weapons. They called for balanced, transparent and objective implementation of the Treaty, in strict accordance with the principles of the UN Charter, and the inherent right of each State to security and to individual or collective self-defense. They also underscored that its implementation should, in no way, affect the sovereign right of States to acquire, manufacture, export, import and retain conventional arms and their parts and components for their self-defense, security needs and the maintenance of their territorial integrity. The Heads of State or Government of NAM States Parties to the ATT emphasized the importance of ensuring a leading role for NAM States Parties from those regions most affected by the illicit trade of conventional arms in the implementation of the Treaty, as well as in any future institutional arrangements of the Treaty. 

Final Document, Para 245) The Heads of State or Government of NAM States Parties to the Convention on Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW) and its Protocols encouraged States to become parties to the Convention and its Protocols. NAM is of the view that Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) raise a number of ethical, legal, moral and technical, as well as international peace and security related questions which should be thoroughly deliberated and examined in the context of conformity to international law including international humanitarian law and international human rights law. In this regard, NAM States Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) welcome the informal meetings of CCW experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems held in Geneva in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and support continued deliberations on this issue in the CCW on the basis of an agreed mandate. NAM States Parties to CCW welcome the accession of Iraq to the Convention and its annexed protocols. 

(Final Document, Para 249) The Heads of State or Government commended the work of the NAM Working Group on Disarmament, under the chairmanship of Indonesia, in coordinating issues of common concern to the Movement in the field of disarmament. They encouraged NAM delegations to continue to actively participate in the Working Group with a view to promote and achieve the objectives of the Movement. 

(Final Document, Para 250) Consistent with and guided by the aforementioned principled positions and affirming the need to promote, defend and preserve these positions, the Heads of State or Government agreed to:  

250.1Continue to pursue the positions and priorities of the Movement, as appropriate, in the relevant international fora; and 

250.2 Task the NAM Coordinating Bureau to undertake efforts, as appropriate, with a view to achieving the objectives of the Movement at disarmament and international security meetings.